Assigkoe op one-half



UNIIE STATES JAMS A. OBANE,

PAPER' BACK Fon BOOK-COVERS.

PATEN-T @rrrem OF YVESTFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF T ROBERT B. CRANE, OF SAME PLAGE.

SPECIPICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 299,913, dated J 'une 3, 1884.

Application filcd Oetober 25, 1883. (No model.)

T0 aZZ whmn L '5 T7MLZ/ concern:

Be it known that I, J AMES A. CRANE, a citizen of the United States, end e resident of Westfield, in the county of Hampden end State of Massachusetts, hzwe nvented certzu'n new and useful Improvements in Paper Baeks for Book-Covers; end Ido hereby deelare that the following is a full, clear, end exact deserption of theiuventin, whieh Will enable others IO skilled in the art 110 whieh 1't appertains to make and use the seme, referenee being had to the aeeompanying drawings,which form a part of this speeifieeton, end in Which-- Figure 1 s a perspeetive view of the semm- I 5 less paper tube fro1n whieh the bue]: is made. Fig. 2 is a longitudintrl seetional view of the same, showing 1't plaeed upon the central core or form. Fig. 3 :is a cross-szetion of the tube end eentral core or form, showng the grooves or ereases on both sides. Fig. 4 is a redueed perspeetive view of the core or form with the tube remoVed; end Fig. 5 is a perspectve view of the finished baek on e stili further redueed scale.

Like letters ofreferenee 1' ndiczrte corresponcling part s in all the figures.

My invention has relation to the menufae ture of eovers for blank-books, printed books, albums, end analogous artcles; and it consists in the art or proeess wheh Will be here inafter more fully deseribed end elaimed.

In carryng out my invention I use 2m end less or seamless tube of moist paper, made in any desired m'anner end of any desired thek ness, eeeording to the number end thiekr1e'ss of the layers or1zunin:e of paper eomposing the tube. This tube (shown at A in the dra'wings) is plaeed in its moist or web state upon a forum, F, of wvood or any other sutable ina- 4 tera], whieh may be either so1id or made in sections to collepse. This formis cylindrica-I in shepe, end of a dizuneter equa1 to the thiekness of the book for whieh the bzrek is intended to be used. It mey be long enough for the length of one baek only; or its length may be egual to the 1ength oftwo, three, four, or more baeks when p1aeed together endwise as shown in Fig. 2, in wh'ieh a paper tube for two pairs of baoks is shown upon the eentml core or form, the line merked a b indicating the dividing-line between the baeks endwise, end line c d marking the divison or line of seperation sidewse, so thet it Will be seen thai; four seperrate baeks are made on this core.

In order to gxge the baeks (shown et B) the raised or embossed seetons or panels B usuel on blank-books, the core or form F may be made wth projeetons F, as shown, so thet as the moist-paper tube shrinks upon the core or form in the process of drying or bzrking,there- 6 by hugging the form elosely, the paper tube Wll e'onform to these shapes, by whieh the reised bzrek-panels B will be formed. The form or core F, with its peper envelope, 1's next placed in a, kiln end dried slow1y-at a 6 suitable temperature. Ths drying or baking proeess eauses the paper tube to shrink upon the core, es stated ebove, thus by the contraction of the several 1ayers or lerninze whieh compose the paper tube or envelope forming the whole into {L sold homogeneous mass. After dryng or bzrkng, the peper tube is out into sections erosswise, if more then one pair of baeks is formed upon the core, and then slitted longitudinally on the line a d on both 7 sides of the core, thus in the present illustration of my mode of procedure making four separate backs. In makug thiek baeks for hezwy books I make a longitudinel groove or ehanne], D, 011 eaoh side of the tube prior to the eutting ofthis engthwse, the eutt-ing-line c d falling in the middle of the groove. This is for the purpose of permtting of the ea-sy opening or uufolding of the eover after the sides hzwe been hnged or jointed to the baek.

The waterproofing of the backs nmy be done either whle these are upon the core or form uneut or afterward. I have found by experiment thai: the 'better way s to dip the bzreks in the waterproofingbath after they beve been removed from the core, and then, ztfter draining, replzteing them 011 the core, Whereby I effeetually prevent warping of the peper during the process of dryng after the waterproofingbath. One of the methods employed by me s to dip or immerse the baeks, after the first drying, in a bath of raw linseedoi1, whieh 1s readily ebsorbed by the porous paper fabrie; and after the pores have been filledwith the 011 (or other waterproofing sub stance) the baeks are pleeed in a, Ji1n to be dried or ba-ked a second time, whieh so hardens the paper that t Will become as hard and. tough as the best sole-leather.

The ncxt step is the finishng or smoothng Of the backs 2Lnf1 pane1s, whch' may be done ether by placing them in & 1athe and turning prior to the sltting of the tube, and whlc ths is yet upon the core or form, or by p]aning and rubbing, the panels being squarcd and trmmd With suitable too1s, so as to present a neat and finished appearance and, if desired, leather bands or pane1s may be glued or cementcd upon the backs, to prevent scratching of the desk as well as-for ornamentation. If desired, & groove or kerf (shown ztt H) may be made (by sawng or otherwse) in both side edges of the back, for the insertion und fastening of a flexib1e band of leather 01 other sutable materia to forn1 the hinge or j ont which connccts the sides of the cover to the back. It s obvous that these sides may be made of any desired materia], and that they may be hinged to the back by any desred 'means.

Havng thus descrbed my invention, I c1am and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States- The hereinbefore-descrbed art or process of mauufacturing papcr backs for book-covers, whch consists in forming the backs in pairs from an endless or seamless tube composed of successive layers of paper over a shaped form or core by dryng and shrinkng the paper tube upon the form, cutting the dried aud shrunk paper tube longtudinally across the middle, 2tnd finishing the backs, substantially in the manner and for the purpose shown 2t11(1 set forth.

In testimony thut I clam the foregoing as my OW11 I have hereuuto affixed my sgnaturc in presence of two witnesses.

JAM'ES A. CRANE.

Vitnesses:

LOUIS BAGG-ER, OMER B. STEVENS. 

